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Earth's Progressive 'Global Greenhouse' Effect, Compared To Venus's Runaway Greenhouse Atmosphere And Saturn's Moon Titan's Anti-Greenhouse Environment.
What's The Significance By Way Of Comparison Of These Different Bodies ? 
And Does Venus And Titan Provide Us With An Insight Into Our Own Changing Climate ?

  The global climate today appears to be going through a major atmospheric correction. This has been speculated by the scientific community, in stating ‘it’s through the continued burning of fossil fuels and other Greenhouse producing gases’.

  As a natural progression of our planets fluctuating carbon dioxide levels, ‘this being through natural causes’, the global temperatures periodically cycle-through warmer to cooler levels, usually through periodic blocks of several thousand years spans.

  This is evidenced by looking back at human as well as animal migration patterns over long periods. The population usually drifts within areas of moderate to temperate temperature zones. Of course this was not always possible by the boundaries of oceans and large bodies of water. It was only during extreme incidents of temperature fluctuation did sea levels drop, allowing cross continental passage.

  The planet's climate is constantly changing (as mentioned above). The global average temperature is currently in the region of 15C. Geological and other evidence suggests that, in the past, this average may have been as high as 27C and as low as 7C. However, this natural fluctuation appears to have been overtaken by a rapid human-induced warming which has serious implications for the stability of the climate on which much life on the planet depends.

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Venus

Earth

Titan

Inclination

177.4 deg. 23.5 deg. 0.33 deg.
Orbit (km) 108,200,000 149,600,000 1,221,830
Diameter 12,103.6 km 12,756.3 km 5,150 km
Mass (kg) 4.869e24 5.972e24 1.35e23
Temp. 465 C -89 ~ 58 C -179 C
Sidereal Rotation 243 days Retrograde 23 hours
57 minutes
10 hours
36 minutes
Sidereal Orbit 224.65
days
365.2422 days 15.945
days
The  Principle Atmosphere 96.5%
CO2
Nitrogen
3.5%
78%
nitrogen
21%
oxygen
98.4%
nitrogen
1.6%
methane
Surface Pressure

92 bar

1 bar 1.5 bar
Radius 6,051.8 6,378 2,575

  The There’s notably quite a lot of coverage through the various news outlets across the world recently, though they usually take the higher extreme of the latest data to excite reader interest and sell their publications. However, those wishing to look deeper, to read and analysis the data from the scientific community, the overall picture is starting to appear grim indeed.
  This research work looks into other possible (contributing) causes - an investigation into other planets and moons within our own Solar System. Can similarities between other bodies be used as a predictor for future changes to our atmosphere ?
  Our nearest planet in size and mass to our own planet is ‘Venus’ as well as our other nearest neighbor, the barren and predicted biologically inert planet, Mars (and which is reportedly heating up according to NASA. 'read here'). But there’s additionally another body of great interest within our system of planets and moons, and that’s Saturn’s largest moon Titan What's of interest with this moon is that it has an anti-greenhouse atmosphere.
Some of the similarities between Earth, Venus and Titan can be seen 'above' right.
Much information and critical data is being returned from the Cassini probe currently in orbit around this planet. These bodies and their similarities will be covered in the proceeding research.
  But first, what is influencing our own planets atmosphere and ‘what’ is the ‘Greenhouse’ effect, and its implications ?
  The greenhouse effect refers to the role played by gases which effectively trap energy from the Sun in the Earth's atmosphere. Without them, the planet would be too cold to sustain life as we know it. The most important of these gases in the natural greenhouse effect is water vapour, but concentrations of that are changing little and it plays almost no role in modern human-induced greenhouse warming.

Other greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which are released by modern industry, agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels. Their concentration in the atmosphere is increasing - the concentration of carbon dioxide has risen by more than 30% since 1800. The majority of climate scientists accept the theory that an increase in these gases will cause a rise in the Earth's temperature.

  As far as our current records go back, there’s been a mean average increase in the global temperature of 0.6C in the last 100 years. Due to the expansion of this global warming, our sea levels have been elevated by 10 to 20 cm.

  The Arctic sea ice shelf has been significantly thinned by between 35 and 40% depending the various interpretations of the data. Most of the worlds glaciers are now in retreat with estimates of total loss within 120 years if the atmosphere temperature continues it’s upwards curve as models predicted. If emissions at their current level and not reduced, these climate models estimate a global temperature increase of 1.4 ~ 5.8°C by the end of this century. “Even if we cut greenhouse gas emissions dramatically now, scientists say the effects would continue because parts of the climate system, particularly large bodies of water and ice, can take hundreds of years to respond to changes in temperature.”

Liquid Lakes Earth.

Solidified Sulfar Mare (Plains). NASA.
Methane Lakes On Titan. NASA.

  It takes decades for these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to start to break down, though there’s thought that these same gases maybe actually assisting in the temperatures ‘slow’ increase rather than the rapid. That’s a theory proposed two years ago and is termed, ‘Global Dimming’. If that’s the cases, this indeed hints at other factors. The same factors we’ll look at later, “It is possible that we have already irrevocably committed the Greenland ice sheet to melting, which would cause an estimated 7m rise in sea level. There are also indications that the west Antarctic ice sheet may have begun to melt, though scientists caution further research is necessary." (Quote's from BBC Media)

  The planets principle atmosphere is comprised of Nitrogen at 78.1% and Oxygen at 20.9%. We've read a lot about Carbon Dioxide (0.035%) significantly escalating the greenhouse effect, however there's another gas, Methane - which resides within the atmosphere at a level of 0.0002%. Methane is about 21 times more powerful at warming the atmosphere than carbon dioxide by weight. Once in the atmosphere, methane absorbs terrestrial infrared radiation that would otherwise escape to space. This gases has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime, approximately 12 years. The concentration of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled over the last 200 years, and in particular, has increased by about 50% in the last 40 years. I'll look at this gas and its impact on Saturn's moon Titan's atmosphere later. There appears to be parallels between the Earth and Titan in regards to methane (although Titan's sidereal orbit is a contributing factor to it's 'anti-greenhouse' environment).

  Discussion about the causes of earth’s (growing percentage of) greenhouse gases and its effects on the planet, as well has the global population could consume literally hundreds of pages of examples, facts and predictions. However this site looks outside our own planet for further examples of other awkward planetary atmospheres (Venus’s runaway greenhouse environment and Titan’s ‘anti-greenhouse atmosphere) their orbits, mass and rotation cycles, looking for possible interrelationships the could possibly be used within a model for our own planets rising sea levels and climate.

  This website has been This website has been designed where possible for easy navigation. Most pages have links back to, or across the various pages. Time is always difficult to do intensive research, although I’d happily sit here for the hundreds of hours needed, however Year 12 studies consume most of my free time.
  I’ve worked on researching, reading, cataloging (comparing information) and saving what appropriate material I believed supports my work. Some suggestions and conclusions are based on theory (arrived at from data), while others are based on known and given facts.

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Equal Third Place, 2007 - Macquarie Universities, Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Eureka Awards

Background artwork used with the kind the permission of Dr. Mark A. Garlick (Beneath Titan's Veil). He's website is Space Art - http://www.space-art.co.uk/.   Most images on this site copyright to NASA, who's policy provides the use of; for educational and academic use. Venus images from Russian Venera probes and NASA's Magellan orbiter.  Images of Titan and Saturn from Voyager 1 and 2 (NASA) as well as the current Cassini (and Huygens E.S.A) mission.  All reference's for data, images used and all other quotes are found under this link.